Main directions of the Institute’s activity in 2009-2010
Our scientific
activity was focused on
- monitoring of the radiological safety of production of agriculture of Ukraine and of the agricultural lands;
- remediation of the areas contaminated with the radionuclides;
- impacts of the Chornobyl radionuclides to the organisms and ecosystems;
- support of plant cultivation and livestock sector at the radioactive contaminated territories;
- optimization of the measures aimed in reduction of the radioactive contamination of agricultural production and radiation doses to population;
- formulation of the veterinary-sanitary rules for providing the radiation safety of agricultural animals and animal produce in the case of the radiation accident;
- evaluation of the radiation-hygienic conditions of work in the agrarian-industrial complex (AIC);
- creation of the normative documents, migration models, databases and decision support systems for the cases of the nuclear accidents.
-
creation of the materials for Evaluation of
impacts to the environment for nuclear units #3 and #4 of Khmel’nitsky NPP.
During
previous years the methods and technological projects optimizing the
structure of the agricultural manufacturing in territories of Ukraine
contaminated with radionuclides and other technogenic toxicants were
elaborated. In frame of the works on monitoring of the agricultural lands and
production, the technical project for system of the complete monitoring of
agricultural manufacturing and estimation of a state of the agricultural
lands in regions of Ukraine characterised by significant techogenic loading
was prepared. Monitoring studies on contamination of agricultural lands and
products with Sr-90 and respective estimation of the critical areas, objects
and characterisitics were accomplished, that is more effective then a general
radiation control of the whole contaminated territory.
Works
elaborating the sub-system "Agricultural complex and production" to
support the decision making-up at the action of techogenic loadings on the
environment were carried out. Filling the system with new results and models
has being implemented now.
The most
dangerous links of radionuclides transfer to human were found on the results
of scientific research. TF values were estimated for various soils, and it
was shown that they can vary dozen of times in comparison with general known
ones due to the specific natural conditions of Ukrainian Polessje .
Studies on characteristics of radionuclides metabolism in animal organism
were performed. It promoted to substantiate and prepare the technology
for final feeding of animals with clean forages, and predict the terms and
procedure of obtaining the production in accordance with the current norms.
Technique and device for living determination of caesium radioisotopes in the
muscles of agricultural animals were elaborated and implemented, their
improvement is still continuing. New techniologies for "clean"
cheeses production from milk with the increased content of radionuclides were
elaborated in direction of processing of contaminated animal products.
According to the program "Ferrocyanides", experiments and testing
on the principal kinds of animals were performed, recipes and technologies
for using of the natural and synthetic adsorbents and products containing
them were proposed; that permits to decrease caesium-137 contamination of
meat and milk 3-10 times. Now these works are implemented in collective and
private farms in the contaminated zone. The method of estimation of the base
of forage resources and recommendations on their use in the contaminated zone
is implemented.
Methodical approaches for countermeasures implementation in the contaminated
areas of Ukraine aiming minimization of radionuclides outflows with
agricultural production and decrease of the cost of implementation were
elaborated by scientists; programs and recommendations concerning
countermeasures implementation in two most critical regions were prepared. 5
technological projects on the countermeasures application in 5 critical
settlements in the contaminated area are being implemented this year.
Specialists of
the institute elaborated and published recommendations on conducting of the
farming industry in contaminated territories of Ukraine for various
post-accidental periods (the last one 1999-2002); specified propositions on
conducting of the main branches of AIC (agroindustrial complex) and private
farming are given in them. Critical directions for mitigation of the ChNPP
disaster consequences in AIP are noted.
The methodical guide and program for rehabilitation (return to economical
using) of abandoned agricultural lands located in Kiev and Zhitomyr regions
were elaborated. Results of scientific research and respective calculations
have shown that these lands can be used in accordance with the specific
scenarioes without exceeding the dose limits defined by the state
legislation. On the base of comprehensive analysis of the radiological
situation in farming industry "The program for rehabilitation of lands
in a zone of unconditional (obligate) resettlement in Kiev and Zhitomyr
regions for the period 1998-2005", "Methodical guide for
rehabilitation of lands in a zone of unconditional (obligate) resettlement in
Kiev and Zhitomyr regions", "Recommendations on realisation of the
regional program minimising the ChNPP acidental consequences in Zhitomyr
region" were elaborated.
The
gained experience and changes in radiational, economical and political state
in Ukraine in a period after the accident have been represented
in a new "Concept for agriculture conducting in the contaminated
territories and their complete rehabilitation for the period 2000-2010" .
The concept takes into account the obtained results and conclusions of
scientific research and applied studies carried out in a frame of two
National programs for the period 1992-2000. The concept is based on three
main principles:
1.To prevent exceeding of the individual irradiation
dose, radionuclides content in agricultural production obtaining in any area
hasn't to exceed permissive levels (PL-97). This principle is realised by
countermeasures implementation independently on their cost; if countermeasures
application is economically unexpedient, agriculture and forestry conducting
should be stopped.
2.Minimisation of the collective irradiation dose on
population is realised by decreasing of the radionuclides outflows into human
diet with local foodstuffs due to agricultural countermeasures application,
which are chosen and planned with obligate use of optimising procedures.
Countermeasures are implemented if their efficiency can significantly
influence on radiation state.
3. Measures directed to decrease the irradiation dose
on population can be practically always considered as intervention into
traditional people's life, hence they ought to be applied according to the
scientifically based recommendations and projects accounted radiological,
medical-biological, ecological, social-psychological and economical
consequences of their implementation.
Existence of the critical regions, landscapes, farms, arable lands, forages and foodstuffs charactrised by constant high level of the radioactive contamination in comparison with neighbouring analogous territories needs determination of priority in planning and implementation of countermeasures.
Main directions of scientific and applied activity in UIAR in a period 1988 - 2003 :
Elaboration of recommendations,
implementation of measures and countermeasures in farming industry directed
to decrease the agricultural production contamination with radionuclides
scientific and manufactoring testing, approbation of measures and
countermeasures directed to decrease the agricultural products
contamination with radionuclides ;
rational plant-breeding in conditions of radioactive
contamination of agricultural lands after ChNPP accident ;
rational stock-breeding in contaminated after ChNPP accident
territories :
applying of "clean" forages and radionuclide-absorbing
preparations to decrease contamination of the animal products ;
scientific substantiation of the meat stock-breeding in the radionuclide
contaminated territories of Ukraine;
preparation of a method for estimation of the forage resources
base in radionuclide contaminated areas with purpose to obtaine the
products respective to established norms ;
technological projects for optimisation of a structure of farm
production and countermeasures in farms located in the territories
contaminated with radionuclides of ChNPP accident and other technogenic
toxicants ;
creation of a system supporting the decision-making at the
elimination of consequences of ChNPP accident in farm production;
methodology for rehabilitation of radionuclide contaminated lands
in a zone of unconditional resettlement .
Studies on regularities of
radionuclides and heavy metals transfer from soil to plants and animals,
elaboration of the methods for prediction of possible contamination of
agricultural production
transfer factors of radionuclides to the agricultural plants from
various types of soil ;
microfertilizers and accumulation of radionuclides by the agricultural
crops;
efficiency of sapropel and zeolites application reducing the
radioactive contamination of agricultural production ;
accumulation and excretion of radionuclides from organism of the
agricultural animals, physiological and immunobiological state,
reproductivity at the long-term keeping of animals in conditions of
radioactive contamination of the territory;
facilities for keeping and feeding the animals, supporting
decrease of radionuclides transfer to the animal products ;
estimation of action of ferrocyanides and natural sorbents on
radioceasium transfer from the diet to milk and meat of the agricultural
animals in industrial conditions ;
mathematical models for migration of radionuclides and heavy
metals in a soil-plant link and in a chain forage-animal organism-animal
products ;
combined action of radionuclides and heavy metals on the
agricultural animals' organism ;
consequences of the long-term application of agrochemical measures and long-term dynamics of caesium and strontium behavior in a soil-plant link.
Radiological monitoring of
territories, agricultural lands and agricultural production contaminated with
radionuclides
comprehensive monitoring of farming industry in the radioactive
contaminated territories of Ukraine ;
creation and maintenance of the experimental polygons for
monitoring and prediction of radionuclides migration in soils of the
Exclusion zone ;
specification of the radiological state in settlements of
Chernigiv, Zhitomyr and Volyn' regions;
radiological monitoring and long-term prediction for the
irrigated lands;
secondary contamination of the environment as a result of a wind
transfer of radionuclides;
secondary contamination of the environment in consequence of the
forest fires and minimisation of the ionising irradiation action on
participants of the fire-fighting ;
monitoring of contamination of agricultural lands and plant
production with 90Sr ;
radiation-hygienic state of life and labour conditions at the
various kinds of agricultural works in plant-breeding and
animal-breeding on the radionuclide contaminated territories ;
scientific substantiation of the methodology for representative
sampling during radiological monitoring ;
specification of the strontium track configuration in a near zone
of ChNPP accident and detailisation of the radiation state in the sites
selected for rehabilitation; creation of map on contamination of the
exclusion zone with TUE (238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu,
241Am), 144Ce and 154Eu;
optimisation and maintenance of a system for radiological control
and monitoring in agroindustrial manufactoring connecting with
implementation of PL-97 ;
analysis of the agroionic climate in zones of ChNPP radioactive
contamination ;
phytosanitary state in zones of the radioactive contamination,
prediction of the situation and system of the protective measures
against pests and diseases for main agricultural crops in conditions of
radioactive contamination of the territory ;
ways of migration and outflux of the radioactive substances in farming industry.
Physical-and-chemical properties of
Chornobyl radioactive fallouts and kinetics of fuel particles resolution in
the environment
physical-and-chemical properties of fuel particles and their
behavior in the environment;
inhalation intake of fuel particles into the human respiratory
organs ;
modeling of the fuel particles formation;
radionuclides migration in the agricultural lands and soils of
the exclusion zone ;
horizontal and vertical migration of radionuclides in the
agricultural territories ;
radionuclides migration in a zone of irrigation farming ;
biogenic radionuclides outflow from ³s point of the terminal localisation of the radioactive wastes ;
creation of mathematical models for the radionuclides migration in soils of the exclusion zone .
Processing and rational use of
agricultural production obtained in the radioactive contaminated territories
technologies for milk processing with the purpose to decrease the
radionuclides content in the final products;
technology for the soft cheese manufacturing during contaminated
milk processing;
technologies for decrease of radiocaesium content in the raw meat
products and for keeping its nutritional and biological values ;
technologies for initial processing, storing and processing of
the cattle skin contaminated with radionuclides ;
distribution of radionuclides and other chemotoxicants during
processing of the plant raw materials;
improvement of methods for detection the radionuclides content in
soil, plants and animals on the base of the nuclear-physical and
micro-wave devices and facilities :
methods for the life detection of specific activity of caesium
isotopes in muscles of the agricultural animals ;
selection, substantiation and attestation of the standard sites
for metrological supply of the remote gamma-spectrometric survey of the
territory ;
research-methodical works on testing and implementation of
devices for measurements of ionising irradiations.